标题: IBT独立写作必备材料 [打印本页] 作者: jhonlemon 时间: 2009-4-5 09:40 标题: IBT独立写作必备材料 今天刚刚知道我的托福成绩,总的来说还算可以,尤其是我一直担心的写作,不知道该如何去提高,但是成绩却令我相当满意,大概有点运气成分,但是我相信这是与我的努力分不开的,嘿嘿。' `" H% Q- M0 y5 K9 C$ N
个人认为对于网上的模板,大家看看就好,也就是拓展一下自己的思路,尽量不要模仿,更不要照搬了,对于托考的老师已经看惯了那些模板作文,完全没有新意,也就不会有很好的成绩。对于我来说,让我作文分数提高的关键是自己不断的练习写作,而且在秦苏珊的托福补习班时,每次上课的时候都会让老师帮我修改作文,最终自己有了属于自己的模板,作文有了自己的特色,当然成绩就不会低啦!5 L/ z" G! ^/ ]7 `
因为今天心情大好,所以想和各位准备托考的朋友分享一下我的作文复习材料总结(来源:秦苏珊补习班的材料,网上自己搜集的认为很有用的材料),希望对大家有所帮助。 1 f% H: y; b c/ q) y / y5 Y! W3 B: x9 ?, n
(1)注意篇章结构,合理布局 3 v) l3 f: Z' h1 Y4 e/ E/ W 开始部分(openingparagraph)——说出文中的要点、核心问题。 K; G$ w. u# w6 ] 正文部分(Bodyparagraphs)——围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 / ^5 t! h7 f/ ?8 c, J: l `: W 结尾部分(concludingparagraphs)——对全文的总结和概括。) Z7 s! K2 d1 |0 L0 `* D
要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系,内容完整、连贯。前后呼应,祛除与主题无关的内容.9 x5 M* d1 ]6 z
(2)确定主题句 - b" T, w6 j9 `3 _0 N, f 主题句是对全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头,而后,全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释,扩展。; H" U6 K8 N4 \/ d* X" _
写主题句应注意以下几点:8 k; j1 N; S: z1 D
①归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 4 o1 \6 p2 D) C' W6 } ②提炼出一句具有概括性的话9 p x* i/ } ?# l7 p; l; M8 `; l
③主题句应具有可读性,抓住、吸引读者。- V2 M% k0 e5 K
(3)结尾段升华 6 D( j" f G5 F/ G- q7 D结尾段要做到呼应全文,并且将全文进行升华。9 A) T, o7 D6 ]& X2 p& [ 结尾段的四种表现形式% E8 B6 W" |) [0 D/ D; y5 c+ T
1 重申立场/ H9 K/ l3 l1 C5 ~
2 重申立场+总结理由9 M/ m- n% O: }( z9 T
3 让步+重申立场, w8 Q( \) h ^' ^0 I
4 重申立场+引申扩展0 q9 R7 C9 v$ E- B; q4 k
连接词的使用使文章有整体性、连贯性。: B7 k+ f2 z( F
连接词的总结:# v: H1 F5 W& F, E; L) r
表示罗列增加 8 ?* ~; \" x0 Y" `+ H, [* Q( F First,second, third, % W% A6 m, P f& r! D First, then/ next, after that/ next, finally j9 Z. K) l+ a: J" ] For onething … for another…, $ G, ~# c& W6 L5 d8 g
0 ]4 D, M: o/ ?) O4 i8 d7 [
On (the) one hand…on the other hand,5 f" d& c, K5 [" c; }7 G! r
Besides/what’s more/ in addition/ furthermore/ moreover/ another/also, ( t* t. W7 F; ~. A9 b Especially/ In particular, Q, ]5 n# g0 Q# T 表示时间顺序5 g$ I" w$ e6 j' O
now, at present,recently, : K3 R4 ~! l8 ], L8 X- C" r- O after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a fewdays, 4 h) u' @8 B( W1 u7 B1 a0 s at first, in the beginning, to begin with,5 O8 R9 B& V! K* u$ M
later, next,finally,2 X0 k9 [ v" ]( |: P# w) R2 x
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, assoon as, the moment ) d1 a$ G5 d; S3 Y$ I, I Z, n
form now on, from then on, ( y6 f8 G5 G! n: M( _, i at the same time,meanwhile,4 }6 O+ w4 x9 X6 W+ e
till, not…until, before, after, when, while, asduring,6 E: b! v# I; K: g, p
表示解释说明4 q+ q) [! ?* T' B+ @ @
now, in addition, for example, for instance, inthis case, moreover-! |# @7 \5 F# } y" T
furthermore, in fact, actually, Q* Y5 A( x& h& I
表示转折关系1 T2 J4 }# j( q6 N W8 L$ P
but,however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other 1 y) N% G. z" Q hand, incontrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course,after all 6 u% i* V% y9 _' ?& s 表示并列关系) H! ?& ~- ]9 J6 o* q0 ~3 ^- h
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as wellas, both… and, either …or, neither …nor7 @, X* Z$ P% E: ?8 ]0 P4 O
表示因果关系 5 ]1 Z6 X& C. X: p because, because of,since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of),otherwise, so…that, such…that) ^; l/ @0 H2 }* N6 Z, x9 y8 Z4 J+ ?4 ]
表示条件关系 & ]7 ~1 W6 [) H% U5 { as (so) long as, on conditionthat, if, unless 0 U" y6 u. s& U0 q9 N y2 n7 o0 t 表示让步关系- Q6 W2 B' G5 h
though, although, as, even if, eventhough, whether …or…, however, whoever,8 a9 w% I4 l) T; c( `9 i9 ]
whatever, whichever, wherever,whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom' H6 O0 N2 P m' _$ N3 u
表示举例, @4 h. C& @( d# z8 @4 N/ P
for example, for instance, such as…, take… forexample . G& D" s4 N' J$ G3 L; c! Y
表示比较 ) W4 b$ `) ]& O be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast,compared with (to)…just like, just as,' Z; n3 y# r( q6 G" \" |
表示目的 2 K1 X/ f9 \7 w# q+ ]/ C For this reason,, forthis purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,- r* `$ m& L$ A! ]
表示强调1 ?7 ?6 S: ]5 V, F
indeed, in fact,surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,4 F& U6 F n, [$ z4 o
Obviously, aboveall, % F. r8 @' S0 K/ i8 h! q) P9 O
表示概括归纳 . }6 s; v4 w( w) ~
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generallyspeaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated,as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, inconclusion.; k3 A/ z- i$ t# p) `1 e( K