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/ n8 t* e( X( T, P; V 1. 根据定义猜测词义
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+ w+ u3 O$ }) V3 y. w6 K 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
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例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
5 G$ g7 h) N# MIn slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
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1 p1 S9 I/ ?$ {- i# i6 |4 }7 J+ P5 f 2. 根据复述猜测词义
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7 _1 V( s1 `+ m 虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。+ S' W8 |; `( ]; H5 o
: V* D& d+ h$ V7 W; e 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.1 v% E4 p$ A( A' b9 Y! P, s
0 [+ r" Z$ ]$ m- M 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。6 i% |/ B& x" d, A5 s/ V" K' V
+ c5 t9 O% E$ k1 e4 K 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。
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Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。$ u& w( f8 B4 q6 z* ], q, S
( x- o+ o1 G# I8 }. G 需要注意的是:同位语前 还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。/ X6 ]" }1 l; M, {8 M# J
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定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.0 t# ~5 f" V% k0 g
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根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。9 ?5 R7 F" r; }' o& Y
9 ~1 ^% [7 y9 { q 3. 根据举例猜测词义" }; F- K# G2 C! ^3 Q
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恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:3 r6 T3 Z8 |% Q3 O) m4 p, ^0 V! N
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 |
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