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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
- _) n+ U1 ^( G! l) O 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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6 o$ P9 Y @2 G: t: B) [! l3 _ The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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) }0 z# o7 s$ |7 H The point to note here…' }2 I' i7 K; v3 e' V
: Z. V! m3 V$ ]& c1 [ 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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3 p. u+ m4 c8 d+ n9 x There are three major reasons…
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:# v7 j: K4 P, S1 q" V; p- x
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The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。% q0 @# O/ x% l& K4 ]2 u
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:1 ?+ B$ m( k4 L3 _4 |* L
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。( m" k& t: A" g( _3 ~" `
- E" w* S7 v6 F, f4 S 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:; M" d+ g: V8 |& Z- b* x
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Therefore/the result
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In conclusion/we can conclude4 v$ u5 E- t) b8 ?/ X, h
- F1 s! q3 x, v One of the primary conclusions
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+ `! ~- P% g( Y* I# V4 y 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
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2 \) V$ a" l0 ?6 w- o h2 H) T For example/instancelike
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4 z6 A% s( y, T9 [6 V- k7 X3 u+ E6 _ Such as these include! V x6 M! N+ U( _
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To illustrate among these are
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/ U0 o, j8 q7 m 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。( r( [' n5 r; g4 b0 F
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…' b# ]- k0 u5 Q% F; f2 @
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:- z! X4 ` \1 ~
" Z* B* ^( Z8 O The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。, e2 k% B$ L, p* Y5 [% |
9 y. J+ D, E: \ Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。. E. W0 }7 C- K) A0 p9 d
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