即使已经掌握了相当的词汇量,在做托福阅读时还是会无法避免地碰到生单词.有的同学一在材料里看到不会的单词就习惯性翻字典,一篇阅读做下来思维很不连贯,即耽误了阅读时间又中断了阅读思路,自然很大程度影响了阅读理解的能力。那么怎样才能克服生单词多产生的阅读障碍,顺利读懂文章大意呢?秦苏珊英语中心的专家老师建议学生,应该在平时做阅读的过程中逐渐培养猜词解词的能力. 其实,阅读的目的在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想,而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义。新托福口语考试中的阅读,考查的是考生对段落中心思想整体把握的能力,只要能获得阅读材料的主要信息,并随后能用自己的话加以陈述,一两个生词不会有什么大碍。 不可否认,巨大的词汇量是高质量的阅读和高质量的口语的基础。但当遇到生词时总查字典又不现实(特别是在考试时),那么我们不妨利用上下文来推测,看看我们有多大的猜词本领。强大的猜词本领无疑会有助于阅读速度和阅读能力的提高。 1.根据后文出现的同位语或定语进行词义猜测
5 c- C5 Y) E( P5 M% C; N0 w% w8 b; R Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.
. z2 j# D( O% e1 ? 后面的同位语告诉我们“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”
7 m1 z- h, @7 ^+ Z8 |3 h Since the fossil of the Anchaeopteryx, the first ‘bird’, was discovered in Germany in 1861, there has been continuous disagreement as to whether or not it could actually fly.
# Q* J/ C; i: I- ~$ }# M* J e Anchaeopteryx — the first bird: “始祖鸟” 2.根据对词义的解释定义从而得到答案, Z/ {# L4 N! W0 l0 Y
We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解释我们可以得知:“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“杂食的”。 3.根据句子的前后意思推测出语意
; u5 G- @; f7 i& W( D Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.
7 m5 t( R& G! Z$ U5 P. x “while”是一个显示对比的信号词,“reticent”与“talking”相对应,“reticent”:沉默的。1 r8 K6 n5 C! {. p0 B" D: w
Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.
" A. n" _& _: J2 H3 h “agreed”与“dissented”形成对比。 4.根据比喻的描述进行猜测
7 Q0 b8 _3 e- d! p' f, Q8 Z: {$ A9 l The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (软木塞) in water.
) P$ w: G$ A: v C5 Y5 C5 a: D: y, w1 F 把热气球比作水中的软木塞,说明“buoyant ”的意义:“漂浮;浮力。” 5.根据其同义词的替代
0 C2 ]1 `5 o3 z) n! u Venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.
" R) w2 L2 a' K( i 由“backwards”这一替代词得知“retrograde”的意思:“向后的。” 6.根据生活的经验常识联想猜词
4 \0 E, h: W6 n The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel." i- v! r# ~3 z$ [2 p- J( a
门太低,我的头撞在“lintel门楣”上了。: Y: Y% K8 |& s9 H3 H
He got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night.. G* \- {8 x, G6 ]) r* \
由经验得知“pillion”是motorbike的“后座、后鞍。” 7.也可根据词形构造猜测词义9 E3 t' |$ p: Z4 `. q1 g
More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.: g4 E2 b K8 R
form是词根, formation“形式”,mal-:构词前缀,可表示“坏、恶、不良”,还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如:malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。 0 x9 r3 ` V. V9 Q z
最后一条对学生能力要求比较高,如果想要能做到这一点,熟练掌握英语常用的前缀、后缀及词根的意义是非常必要的。 |