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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
% d6 o' a# Y- }, g 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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" o; u/ n8 s( ?0 d7 C The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。0 e& h8 g' h( B
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The point to note here…; u$ u6 S0 n d5 y
( M" P4 [8 W$ M$ A' | 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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; ~8 Q. R% Z% M1 i7 s% m' z There are three major reasons…8 \4 B, m8 L9 z# g) p$ D$ b3 `
6 l9 ^4 F- H" `: {$ L, r ^ 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:& n$ f" r/ }' P9 V
2 z4 s$ ^( B9 G9 a The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。 j% h9 l: j: l) M
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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$ e1 |' p. U0 s' g6 j. K Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。# m! _1 G8 D/ l. H) w
, q0 t; e3 ^4 [3 b: _ 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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9 o. ~' z; G2 y" _ Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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: y6 g! M+ c2 `4 B# p 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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- v- i0 p- L* L1 B7 i, \- v Therefore/the result% u" w& ?) k/ J4 W" |
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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7 v4 t& N) ^, e$ `6 T. ? One of the primary conclusions+ u* X2 j/ B$ j
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
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For example/instancelike
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# y+ r" _+ T, ?" Q' U: u0 m7 K! x Such as these include0 A7 c' q2 Z# {2 ]
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To illustrate among these are, N6 F u n+ C( m! ?
3 ?3 p; ?; z, }4 H$ h 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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$ x7 l! G9 h$ ]* T+ g" [ The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。9 r" ?& b$ T* Y3 M% z6 C+ ]
, q6 k: Z2 u- S8 q1 {% z. \ Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
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% I" O3 U, E' f# {+ E' a 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。1 f4 }4 i: H4 s, M/ |
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。; T# H' ~9 b, L3 \: g
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