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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
8 }! _& r! d& y W; u- j( k 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:8 }" ?; w# N* Q6 o/ L4 r u# q& ]
, ^: R9 ~! K$ a' `& X The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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4 @+ i2 x( R" Z# n The point to note here…
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1 M& t3 D+ y' X9 X$ O* h& N- M 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:5 N d0 Z& G3 H
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There are three major reasons…
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
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( ?* x" B7 f1 | _' w. J8 o& r- X The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:' [ U( o* ~) Y% u' H
# I1 t2 T6 w& S* L& {' e! t# n# I( @ Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。 E3 @- s% X7 }) K) C
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5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。; Y7 G/ {6 \ I0 ^6 @1 D
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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+ M! k: S# a6 V; t9 i4 q! a Therefore/the result" ], n8 x9 W4 e
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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& p; n$ \5 x; k8 Z& k% v; F" Z One of the primary conclusions
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* H# p3 w& _4 l- k9 ?" m0 L 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。/ B( S9 e5 ~- O! P
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For example/instancelike7 M( H, }; V! \5 S9 k2 P! {
1 z/ [7 |4 F7 B& G5 s* { Such as these include& t! R' @8 B2 Y7 m
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To illustrate among these are
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:- c( y& b% G+ Z2 U! u4 @4 D3 O
$ s2 L% k9 e1 J: t4 ]+ f The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:8 g* n4 u; d: p7 u( A. g X
. \' f7 h3 P( f& p The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。1 P6 E- Z( h8 T/ X4 T! W
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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