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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
' t; B" }& Z, V! `8 ` 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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4 G, l4 K5 f9 C/ ?# H! N& C5 r3 L The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。8 I, _ D3 Q- B
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The point to note here…
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+ j) W/ f+ o5 T 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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There are three major reasons…; j4 {- [5 a! \5 g5 R6 }: k+ E; i
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:
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The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。
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: w' K. w/ D$ a% \/ x5 i 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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6 A) F1 x! V' d) q/ } Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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; W9 K! l$ x: V' ^ { 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。. t9 `- U, w* b. q1 W0 M0 ?
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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Therefore/the result
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% W) N4 m4 t5 P3 G2 K0 U In conclusion/we can conclude6 H3 h: d5 T: l% j8 t, [, n
5 W* C, b6 t9 q One of the primary conclusions4 S$ S0 t0 ~) B
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
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For example/instancelike; }) I: ~5 J" Z0 |7 `
: y6 ^6 h# `' f Such as these include
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' E% _6 |. V8 \! a( A9 o" Q) G4 t To illustrate among these are
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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' R8 \- |: G. g6 v The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。$ C8 L8 p: k7 E
) k9 O. ~% d* v7 o4 x- b- t Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…0 o8 A+ |, p" I- c V; q K
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:% l, @# V- P, L$ K
& P; V0 o5 F9 V The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。4 q2 o2 P0 y) Y
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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