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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
8 m8 x& t6 G0 |1 A1 O 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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$ A; S! n" H1 Q: u The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。; r* i0 g4 v/ o3 l
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The point to note here…
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. W: @1 Q1 G, z/ q9 F! E 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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There are three major reasons…
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:! e/ ~& }/ r& H% C; x3 p
5 S( r) R2 l* B" j6 ~5 [8 } The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。* w" I- Q6 d9 h% B. l! m/ d1 y- w
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:$ O: L* e6 {$ ?$ T. l
9 @, _1 T9 v" y" r1 m2 `/ I% F; ]7 b Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。1 k* W; H/ \& K4 j: B- B/ b
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5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:3 L* |' p7 q) F' C8 M+ L7 \
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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( ]2 s( U! k0 _0 l9 E5 L" h1 I( Z 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:8 e" Q$ F; X3 ~8 c2 }! P# L' [
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Therefore/the result6 d. u+ m; ^1 `/ p4 s
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In conclusion/we can conclude" c5 g7 P9 l+ V) Q' I
# f- w% t# O3 t2 x$ Y: V One of the primary conclusions7 T# z6 k2 g/ p, C
r9 W. H& V$ R6 v* S4 Z0 ~) l& E 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。+ i+ c ~/ v; Z9 m/ A5 [- G
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For example/instancelike6 o$ k2 e' v3 X( V
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Such as these include
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! t& _* b; N" d) A g To illustrate among these are
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X. N* z' \& k* I ]. x 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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. i; p; x8 e% G- R- @& | The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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+ J. f3 h$ }# E/ F7 s" x$ L" J Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
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- Q: M* D/ {3 ~ x 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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