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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!# x0 E2 q9 l3 C0 I# L* l
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:) T5 J/ k! z- {& A6 ~( O
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The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。3 Z* V$ I+ R/ H. s$ N
5 C+ G) _0 P( u8 x The point to note here…( p7 T4 f8 J2 @ X U1 U6 X
3 `8 a) G/ l/ N$ K 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:. P0 f8 Q% x. t. p! n* u7 P7 k% e
+ y6 w, c ^, b& P! _* O0 g There are three major reasons…
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# h1 s0 j5 b$ T1 M1 y 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:7 G3 a5 Y4 W, K0 k% G
! K" G5 b% D! b% \ The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。- X$ M, w0 n) Z' k& j
0 [+ n& r/ M3 `3 Y( ?2 [8 e 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:/ G( N$ p# T: i+ t' o0 ^# e$ ?
9 z/ B3 \+ l0 a- j Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。3 o: D7 w# e/ D( P4 i: E; c4 @
( ^( O- O6 v/ G/ w+ `3 z 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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Therefore/the result
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7 a0 e8 h3 K) h6 o) M. G In conclusion/we can conclude
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One of the primary conclusions" b! k; |* z! [( N% q+ w
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。. I+ ?0 [3 J' r0 m8 T9 o# F
6 N% g0 k0 Q% M+ A; _1 Z For example/instancelike6 G8 \, l# S* e
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Such as these include
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, E4 W0 ~" e& b To illustrate among these are
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:9 Q/ \1 ~* [( _- T- X1 W3 L
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The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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! M$ R% u4 h2 e; e" o1 I4 \7 A Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:2 u3 q6 u2 g/ S( _5 c+ F" ~" h
9 M# {* H+ L/ ^+ i/ S9 B( H9 i The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。. P! B' s/ b' D& m
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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