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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!* ~. U x, w. G5 L# c ^
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:# c9 C' W2 t- @+ y9 a
; T* y0 R& O0 J$ | The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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7 E; a3 L F# m- j! | The point to note here…
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2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:0 E+ U! T: k4 L u
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There are three major reasons…
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* V5 y# {6 ]6 e N- `% m1 f1 E 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:; u n' h/ j* \( d; S% F9 R- q
% \9 Z0 [6 v/ ]4 Y3 t The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。5 |! X# {0 k# J+ e
+ @" I/ _( T. q- w o$ |! W2 }" R 4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。) y- a6 x F* f$ [) x9 [
( b# m' w& ~+ J; p6 J; q; U$ ~ 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:8 g' P0 N0 U) G* W) ^ H
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:0 `6 r5 e% Z, _( |( h
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Therefore/the result ?5 _6 m/ ]0 a: Z
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In conclusion/we can conclude
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One of the primary conclusions
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。" f! c7 i* T# E& h8 j2 z4 b9 X
- ], K; {/ { a+ [1 d9 f6 @
For example/instancelike
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- u0 H, D1 H. y* Y Such as these include
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/ C$ u7 u! H+ S$ k0 B3 y To illustrate among these are3 H; C2 [, y# g% w" E, r
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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1 _+ C2 O2 B" p9 q7 s Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
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9 j7 V& o6 P; s; n 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:4 P" n$ ^/ o' e; \: k/ j9 n# N* Q5 T
1 L" f% X9 A+ o" r0 b The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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