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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!9 x: a) f/ g8 S! Q
1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:( k7 z1 s' d. }/ w" `
2 \# J/ i h0 i The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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' h5 x' i0 Y* Y+ D$ [ The point to note here…
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8 ~" [1 v# Q- k* e( t! u0 \& \7 j 2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:1 N4 T4 J, x1 g
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There are three major reasons…* s M, \- W" c& V
# V! V) h. b1 ]2 u3 X9 o 3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如: K& h b1 u. W) W
+ }; F" h d" s) K The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。; p+ T0 I- p: s p T" {
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:& @+ h& M x m% f
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。; o5 o. N9 f$ g! X
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5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:& }9 d9 N, u8 X, y" w
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Therefore/the result
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* }7 C' T9 l, C8 M In conclusion/we can conclude
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% ^5 n x6 `, m# [! {2 P One of the primary conclusions) S9 g0 o! t/ E
" a; r3 N H) R) \8 a 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。
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9 R- C: {& k& Z$ k3 b3 I0 N. i0 T For example/instancelike
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Such as these include
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' d$ F2 y- U4 |& w To illustrate among these are
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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& x& C) r8 F* r! K& [6 c The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。0 d! I3 {9 ]4 J9 Z# A o' O: H% ^
' o8 z) F, X# f- |. l Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…- B; u# y' H3 m0 O0 s
0 I0 d" s4 |- W5 m+ g 在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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1 H; i5 P( ]9 k1 D' R The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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T/ X1 P/ }* g' b$ k$ L7 k/ b5 h Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。9 m' U% c9 N% O' ^, s
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