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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
3 n% ], b9 e. U, o2 l; H$ f3 d* } 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
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, _+ J% R' k4 @7 {; U The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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The point to note here…
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2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:
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There are three major reasons…9 }! Z6 X6 l' r
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:$ k) w1 z7 [: [2 x. t# _/ c8 e
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The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。; M/ d2 m9 k8 O8 k$ d0 s) L0 w
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:4 [4 v5 J+ t% v$ g+ v
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。! A6 f! L& \- J5 Y: t4 @: _1 X4 I8 x
' M" w) e9 N, R8 v 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:; X: h; x; \% F+ H' G K1 k
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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- y( }. F3 [+ a$ h* k 6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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Therefore/the result
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3 u# N' w* o+ N In conclusion/we can conclude
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: H' N7 c4 @* p' Q; b ` j One of the primary conclusions: ?' L6 @+ t0 K0 f' |1 b
( E) B/ ?; o6 o* @. I 7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。8 m: g2 ]/ k: f3 d
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For example/instancelike/ V- U; ^% `# l3 W+ a
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Such as these include* O. ~9 } s/ |9 A% N7 `
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To illustrate among these are7 v3 }+ q! a0 d5 R# ?+ I5 \
6 h4 ^- m* b) c$ z; O8 j; J6 ` 有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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7 \) C* v8 s8 N8 o+ e8 z The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…1 |* t+ A' q5 _/ |2 ?) M
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:- x4 K6 I' A, ~" }% v( Z& N v+ c
# G5 v; L! R% V- w The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。- g# J3 P/ [# n1 {0 S
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Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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