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在文章的浏览(即略读,skimming)过程中,对文中信息重要性的判断可以帮助读者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在浏览过程中,读者可以通过寻找“信号词”来区分重要信息和非重要信息。诚信学习网为大家收集整理了在阅读过程中常见的几类“信号词”,希望对提高大家的阅读有所帮助!
+ f# u1 H/ V/ v4 t/ c5 w 1. 以下词组提示下文所涉及的重要信息:' `1 V& B- H$ p. m, n# P" @. o
) u% A' Q: N. N8 o( z6 q1 z I/ K+ k' F The main / important point / conclusion / reason…。
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' h7 L* C, s7 |& c1 @* G1 j The point to note here…( J6 x2 b5 A( F- r& c' n( m
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2. 以下词组提示了下文的结构框架:( d1 s! M( G i+ t+ O4 b* K$ |
2 }9 r. q6 w+ Z* c: U9 Y: G& S There are three major reasons…
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3. but 和 however表示对比,常常用来提示重要信息,例如:& Z/ o) Y' D5 B' R
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The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate。0 V) F, |# d2 u
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4. 在文中提问可以突出问题后的答案,提示读者答案中有重要信息,例如:
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Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood。
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3 C" y( t1 k6 h 5. 有时,为了保证读者完全理解自己的观点,作者会在文中反复提出自己的观点,例如:
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Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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6. 文章的结论通常是非常重要的,因此,读者要在文中寻找提示结论的“信号词”,例如:
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$ U. w; q9 f% \6 i. Z/ |5 g% { Therefore/the result1 i5 F* I6 Q; k& N1 V
$ `% z! n! \5 Y In conclusion/we can conclude
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1 ^( e! f1 x4 h+ t3 b8 | One of the primary conclusions
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7. 举例是为了帮助读者理解某一个观点,因此,文中的例子不是浏览文章时的重要信息。在阅读过程中,以下词组提示读者下文是举例部分信息。" `' F# p; ~- S# p
8 h1 ?. D5 l1 e8 U' @: ^" ^- s For example/instancelike" m9 V2 q% E+ ?
. j, U- V! w' s, L( b3 \ ^ m% M Such as these include
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/ K; c9 _8 ^4 Z$ C To illustrate among these are$ U+ I& o' O$ h+ Z* Y: o. {
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有时,作者也会用破折号或括号来提示举例信息,例如:
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, M( J. j' P. a- M The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton。 w+ L- U0 } U7 o3 ?
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Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…- F- \" E/ s+ Z6 t& s3 F6 G
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在段落浏览时,读者在看到信号词后,应不断对下文信息作出相应的判断,例如:
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g+ z6 S% v) p The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,仅仅是为了用来证明前面的观点) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria。
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. c' W' v" |% n: m Why (提示:问题的答案中有读者应该关注的重点) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth rate? One answer (提示:这只是众多答案中的一种,并不是最重要的。) is that public health measures can be very cheap. Anti-malarial spraying is inexpensive. But this is not the important point (提示:but后面的是非常重要的信息). For birth control programmes to be successful, a change in attitude is required, whereas death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, (提示:这里是作者想要强调的重要信息) the death rate can be cut without anything else changing。
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