1. 开头万能公式一:名人名言 0 m3 ~5 y+ ?$ |( d& [7 n
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”,很好办:编! & {. @' E9 X- Q$ a& d& N7 u
原理:我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 7 |* s2 A2 W. S$ @3 {' G* j
经典句型:
# X( W' D) J3 p9 q# DA proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)
+ J8 ]7 w- G5 O# O: KIt goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)
# a, [9 h. O$ T3 {; C+ P2 e更多经典句型:
9 O# z; U# A# }! m' y3 x* [As everyone knows, No one can deny that…
3 s! ^% @0 R+ B2. 开头万能公式二:数字统计
; h- p: R9 ?. v2 u原理:要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。
7 d* O; V( P3 H原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型:
6 Q' S. @% H2 j- E n, RAccording to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 1 }4 Y/ P8 u9 D& T3 J g
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:
5 x% \9 g- Q6 c. }: u3 P- P9 c2 yHonesty
6 C& |& K, }& d/ O, H, m) H+ P根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 6 ?% L, v1 A6 Z, m
Travel by Bike & I3 j$ m: B4 W* `1 w% F4 ^7 e
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 ; \/ }$ d& B P
Youth
# f" I, V8 G, d( e根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 & C9 v, c1 D3 H8 J# t& O" i# S9 ~
Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work? ! p" u6 Q4 \$ |6 g: y3 V! X& s
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 ' B. R/ \( k9 v' N3 Z% X/ t. ?2 m
更多句型: 2 j. ^+ M7 m4 | b+ [ A' m
A recent statistics shows that …
4 c" ]0 y' F. o) R2 A写作绝招
+ T. p# [; P- `% b结尾万能公式:
f4 F9 }# Y! e& v8 y( O& M1. 结尾万能公式一:如此结论 0 n" l M5 P+ U2 {2 v. r4 D% S( ]
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: 4 y" Y0 x. K3 D; v/ ]
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
5 }! ?9 i( w% s6 r5 p8 q如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! # l, I! x k. ?* n: c
更多过渡短语: ?0 c, T9 D2 M
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
6 H) l2 v. i: I3 m: t& U, N! N更多句型:
1 `5 {9 Q) j* N" ]; LThus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we can find that… # K, h6 i& c s
2. 结尾万能公式二:如此建议 . G- q) p% c( x
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽! / D5 ~1 h) {6 ^; b) e) I6 m- n% q
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
( K! Y [; w5 J+ O( W' n0 C这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?
1 X; L6 o, ~2 _, z0 U$ q更多句型: 8 z ?3 _ }& }! @" B0 p& u# ]9 z
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken. t! O# n5 b# D7 |
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken. # y" a( Y+ q# F" _5 ?! L! F
3 D) u7 m( r' L8 ]5 `- |6 j写作绝招
; m5 ^9 H. V( b2 A y0 l/ }写作的“七项基本原则”:
! c' @, M8 ?0 `% w* S2 S一、 长 短 句原则
$ c8 R4 L2 A5 X5 {' n+ x: v工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题: 8 u2 v: o. J! C: X
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 0 n& |/ c3 }0 j. E, v) j2 q
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?牢记!
; K, Z& w! j6 Z6 ^# S T# d强烈建议:在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。 # w% x3 {' i2 H `
二、 主 题 句原则
7 F1 I* y/ T, o2 C! Z( l国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事! ) s7 k- V6 u' u9 L- {5 u
特别提示:隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!
4 A( H/ I* S" m- m- U% ~* I) h+ RTo begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.
. w2 `1 T, g/ j) \& P8 |) `: I9 l三、 一 二 三原则 0 s; |0 a' d* I( K" k7 I
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点… 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。 * l0 g+ V( w* V+ |8 t! s
1)first, second, third, last(不推荐,原因:俗)
, u ], [9 B3 p- J2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐,原因:俗) * U: r4 F( n, q1 v6 L0 @; i% M( e8 E/ Z
3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐,原因:俗) ( d. m9 y* t+ W( r
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐,原因:俗) ( ^9 y5 J4 ?' T$ B. [8 S# B/ V
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐) % D1 Z5 q- E" K
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)
2 V' f! U) _! I% g- J% z4 T7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)
& Q/ P# D( D7 \9 V7 I$ b; v1 @9 `8)most important of all, moreover, finally 6 u5 Z+ `/ B( { d3 Y: j0 H0 a
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)
4 K# j8 l2 d! r0 b# x1 ]10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况) 8 j0 p& E) k. C l
建议:不仅仅在写作中注意,平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!
( `: X" r6 H8 J四、 短语优先原则
. C7 F) p ]6 {3 r7 ]$ C写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果使用短语,有两个好处:其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点,如果老师们看到你的文章太简单,看不到一个自己不认识的短语,必然会看你低一等。相反,如果发现亮点—精彩的短语,那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路,只有凑字数,怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如:
2 J. u, k# Y2 v4 {6 B: kI cannot bear it. , _9 P6 o: U5 p2 k
可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it. $ s# U: P6 Q9 r# F" e$ v
I want it.
3 k: ~) t3 `6 R" g可以用短语表达:I am looking forward to it. # f8 v2 I2 U- ?3 M( \5 f, f
这样字数明显增加,表达也更准确。
T' M- r$ i# U/ W& w& ]! W; s五、 多实少虚原则
! u- X0 f4 q, A) `/ V* b原因很简单,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候,不应该之说nice这样空洞的词,应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital 之类的形象词。再比如:
& t3 R6 j( S9 A8 b$ t* m2 {3 r) E走出房间,general的词是:walk out of the room ; [* w: |9 c% S/ j- m' O# `
但是小偷走出房间应该说:slip out of the room
( z' g* K2 `1 ~ C( m小姐走出房间应该说:sail out of the room
" l/ u( b3 f7 e$ ]小孩走出房间应该说:dance out of the room ( F& V. o& T0 m1 j
老人走出房间应该说:stagger out of the room , g* K- k8 r# z( ^- {+ o
所以多用实词,少用虚词,文章将会大放异彩! $ X: U' {; [8 X9 k3 ?, Z% J
六、 多变句式原则
z9 _- r) q2 T/ N w5 }1)加法(串联)
- B$ C0 o, Q/ t6 k2 Z/ F, i都希望写下很长的句子,像个老外似的,可就是怕写错,怎么办,最保险的写长句的方法就是这些,可以在任何句子之间加and, 但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说: % W0 \+ g8 ~6 J5 @ n6 M6 h" ]9 i
I enjor music and he is fond of playing guitar.
8 |+ ^0 ?, X- p( e如果是二者并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式: " O' d; c$ I" P! J; g8 q9 j2 Z5 X
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
5 o& M: I" j/ v% p0 Z其它的短语可以用:
: K9 m+ U* u; h0 w9 b) rbesides, furthermore, likewise, moreover
7 C5 ?2 k" c7 n7 R3 C0 I, z2)转折(拐弯抹角)
; |% ^! [ l$ J' i( F批评某人缺点的时候,我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点,然后转入正题,再说缺点,这种方式虽然阴险了点,可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢,我们说话的时候,只要在要点之前先来点废话,注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。 * k- Q6 c( r5 g r, d
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 8 K! I7 W3 G5 t/ Y9 X
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
( d' A3 g% }; c7 Y) l0 ~! l更多的短语: ! A! b0 e& E; s" C5 C' ]7 B u! o
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding 5 z- ^( ]! k% V- ?! S( b& n
3)因果(so, so, so)
3 ?# u! B( b1 A' r昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩,然后我主动搭讪,然后我们去咖啡厅,然后我们认识了,然后我们成为了朋友…可见,讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序,先什么,后什么,所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系!
2 n- ~+ O; |; B2 l0 A9 u+ o. G0 cThe snow began to fall, so we went home.
J. {: Y7 w6 b4 ~更多短语:
& J5 ]% j, n3 ^% i, j5 O3 cthen, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that - @: M8 T2 b' G2 K* N
4)失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重) 2 ^; m. j2 q! s- ^5 j
有些人脑袋大,身体小,或者有些人脑袋小,身体大,虽然我们不希望长成这个样子,可如果真的是这样了,也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子,就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句的变形。 + p2 V' A# }0 D! B& K6 }
举例:This is what I can do.
4 j6 }7 w& r& e6 fWhether he can go with us or not is not sure. 9 e, C8 y1 i4 i0 v5 B
同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分:
7 m$ |# v# y4 Q2 c% iWhen to go, Why he goes away… 9 E2 F8 A/ O! Z% l& a
5)附加(多此一举)
( z! S8 ?. }& u9 k* X1 P如果有了老婆,总会遇到这样的情况,当你再讲某个人的时候,她会插一句说,我昨天见过他;或者说,就是某某某,如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面,那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。
" _% {: r% L. {: ^; |6 J1 ~The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. 3 r. {0 E2 J6 R% o8 K
I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. 4 ^' ?5 S; x- E9 P, n
Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going. ( E; N- t; I" Y: E( h6 B2 M, L
其实很简单,同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成;定语从句—借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中,但是whom or that 关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。
3 Z9 R1 Y# M, {7 b |6)排比(排山倒海句) % t5 ^4 c4 [" G' O5 A+ d$ q Y! ~) i
文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话,那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句,一个个得对偶句,一个个的不定式,一个个地词,一个个的短语,如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势!
- J G4 J& `4 M7 m0 t1 N) kWhether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. . l* o v9 H+ G- `8 n! w) b
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
" Y8 n+ ? R/ y1 O! qWe have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (气势恢宏) 8 R3 C4 m. t- S: E( q' X
要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可! G7 J+ D# ?0 n+ a( A8 x! O* _% e7 T
七、 挑战极限原则 - k+ n7 T" v1 }4 o) L3 ]
既然十挑战极限,必然是比较难的,但是并非不可攀!
: T0 t0 I- \& C% o& `原理:在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格的句子,其实也很简单,只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会,它就是分词的一种特殊形式,分词要求主语一致,而独立主格则不然。比如:
* V0 Z$ P4 S2 x. N* ~% lThe weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. $ u6 R. ]6 B( T# b) z# [
Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 0 t) `3 s' e1 ^% v
如果您可一些出这样的句子,不得高分才怪! ) M$ \7 a7 A/ h# F
. \$ j6 G! `8 N0 O0 p$ m9 k" e7 U0 I
写作绝招 $ u% }1 l) Z. {5 f+ s9 k
文章主体段落三大杀手锏: 4 C8 }5 C* ~" k! G
一、举实例 1 q" J S6 s; T, U: E
思维短路,举实例!提出一个观点,举实例!提出一个方案,举实例!而且者也是我们揭示一个观点最好的方式,任何情况下,只要我们无法继续文章,不管三七二十一,尽管举例子! ( }3 {, U; U0 D
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible stimulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.
" E9 I; Z7 f P8 `7 _6 r8 T; A3 k更多句型: + o' N0 f- U8 J8 z
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example + W$ I) u8 R' ]- Z: Z v: A* P
二、做比较
7 @# s# t. Q& V. m; D方法:写完一个要点,比较与之相似的;又写完一个要点,再比较与之相反的; + _) A" P n, ?+ [( f
世界上没有同样的指纹,没有相同的树叶,文章亦同,只有通过比较,你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语: 2 X. N5 W7 u1 S- l0 ~/ T
相似的比较: , n3 G7 i6 x( Y- n ~5 f1 p
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner ; L$ `; w) J6 J; D; C
相反的比较: * t Z" s# Q! F+ Z
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …
, w1 S5 M- J% ^三、换言之
7 Z9 d$ f1 C9 m% {; q没话说了,可以换一句话再说,让你的文章在多一些字,或者文邹邹地说,是让读者更充分的理解你的观点。 7 W' A8 H( I4 e' I* h) B" S
实际就是重复重复再重复!下面的句子实际上就三个字 I love you! / w+ P# k! {8 g
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you. : E2 Q% W1 L& r, K8 M1 ?
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
' }% c( c+ m0 x ]! L0 B或者上面我们举过的例子:
$ g# b4 s; ^' hI cannot bear it.
k0 R8 H, b2 t& U可以用短语表达:I cannot put up with it.
' G: [1 K: \$ i因此可以这样说:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
5 _9 g0 K6 v) Y* R6 R更多短语: # @0 M& s- p6 b$ S1 t
in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply |