即使已经掌握了相当的词汇量,在做托福阅读时还是会无法避免地碰到生单词.有的同学一在材料里看到不会的单词就习惯性翻字典,一篇阅读做下来思维很不连贯,即耽误了阅读时间又中断了阅读思路,自然很大程度影响了阅读理解的能力。那么怎样才能克服生单词多产生的阅读障碍,顺利读懂文章大意呢?秦苏珊英语中心的专家老师建议学生,应该在平时做阅读的过程中逐渐培养猜词解词的能力. 其实,阅读的目的在于获得整个句子、整个段落、乃至整个篇章的思想,而不是各个孤立的词汇的意义。新托福口语考试中的阅读,考查的是考生对段落中心思想整体把握的能力,只要能获得阅读材料的主要信息,并随后能用自己的话加以陈述,一两个生词不会有什么大碍。 不可否认,巨大的词汇量是高质量的阅读和高质量的口语的基础。但当遇到生词时总查字典又不现实(特别是在考试时),那么我们不妨利用上下文来推测,看看我们有多大的猜词本领。强大的猜词本领无疑会有助于阅读速度和阅读能力的提高。 1.根据后文出现的同位语或定语进行词义猜测
8 Y: `9 m( y. v& \. I+ t Today, I’d like to talk about some of the changes land can undergo, specifically desertification, process through which land becomes part of a desert.1 D7 A* ?" ^, o8 E2 R$ K
后面的同位语告诉我们“desertification”的意思是“沙漠化。”, a3 P- O- \; \( D0 p
Since the fossil of the Anchaeopteryx, the first ‘bird’, was discovered in Germany in 1861, there has been continuous disagreement as to whether or not it could actually fly.$ `6 V" M8 A {0 ^6 R- _
Anchaeopteryx — the first bird: “始祖鸟” 2.根据对词义的解释定义从而得到答案
" F: B& p+ Q9 J v3 {2 o We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.由后面的解释我们可以得知:“carnivorous”的意思是“食肉的”;“herbivorous”的意思是“食草的”;“omnivorous”的意思是“杂食的”。 3.根据句子的前后意思推测出语意4 h$ r% M ^# i Q" c0 I6 R. @
Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.
/ ~4 F8 L: G3 @5 ~: V' A “while”是一个显示对比的信号词,“reticent”与“talking”相对应,“reticent”:沉默的。
7 R' P# E' j- V$ r' _/ R Most of us agreed; however, Bill dissented.0 n7 a1 c, Q: |4 E r. q) j; V9 s
“agreed”与“dissented”形成对比。 4.根据比喻的描述进行猜测
9 r2 K# g9 r( E# K$ ` The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork (软木塞) in water.; S4 p! D( o4 G L6 U0 \2 W* J
把热气球比作水中的软木塞,说明“buoyant ”的意义:“漂浮;浮力。” 5.根据其同义词的替代+ \. t C0 _7 N V) x, U
Venus rotates retrograde, or “backwards”, spinning in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun.
$ q! }! d7 y; z s2 { 由“backwards”这一替代词得知“retrograde”的意思:“向后的。” 6.根据生活的经验常识联想猜词7 e2 g+ b7 i! \$ U( B
The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.# {/ D$ ~. z4 c% r6 M0 {/ Z
门太低,我的头撞在“lintel门楣”上了。
# l8 H/ V% ?+ B' D9 i He got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night." C% W# ^7 M B w
由经验得知“pillion”是motorbike的“后座、后鞍。” 7.也可根据词形构造猜测词义5 H( ^$ ~2 f1 l9 ~8 z2 f. G( Z
More recently, scientists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.
3 u; j. k. j: m1 D: [$ M form是词根, formation“形式”,mal-:构词前缀,可表示“坏、恶、不良”,还可表示“不、不正常、不当、非法。”malformation的意思就应该是“畸形。”更多的例子如:malnutrition: 营养不良;malconduct:(公职人员的)胡作非为;maladjustive: 引起失调的;不利调节的。
' G, u+ z- H* r% p4 x 最后一条对学生能力要求比较高,如果想要能做到这一点,熟练掌握英语常用的前缀、后缀及词根的意义是非常必要的。
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