该用户从未签到
|
本帖最后由 下沙热线 于 2011-4-20 14:04 编辑
3 d1 j( u, h# y# K: i/ o1 S- `% _( P7 w, R5 b3 C/ m) s9 h0 K# D5 [
1. 根据定义猜测词义0 Q% u, w/ A' O, c( B3 v
, C) P3 A8 N: v' h! V
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。! W% m! P& O& L( d4 f8 j1 F
' l9 F2 f, ]9 I: Q1 r 例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。+ V0 U1 C# x7 q, k: m9 Q, ~& p
In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
' n; R8 R0 A) O; X/ P0 h
1 X) |, V! n0 D8 X$ Z: V) { 2. 根据复述猜测词义
8 u0 q( [+ O& P+ z& ?/ P* \/ X4 Y7 \9 n- W5 A0 ^
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
4 U6 Q, S! F! w5 }6 i* Z2 }) z" X) _9 E' j( Z- N4 ?
同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.% y5 {0 n; U* Q r' |* a* L
. t9 N. @- x* T" E2 ^8 o" \ 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。1 Y! T7 o: [. E
7 g7 d5 n* b m5 y6 ~
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。' ^) m5 i7 m7 E- z: l' w3 H
+ n$ M; T a) r8 d/ C T
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。
% m4 x. w1 H5 I' S$ N4 I* i1 M7 ]9 h( M. n- g" Z& v
需要注意的是:同位语前 还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。 }, b- R8 v9 A: D2 e) f
$ u) ^$ H: F+ l6 ?* P O5 h4 C 定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
( ^& U& |8 ~" A; }4 W9 P- {8 U1 _6 D
根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。
8 i- t9 l3 a/ X0 `# j
7 X4 S1 I" V2 j$ i 3. 根据举例猜测词义+ I# E# t( e' k3 L$ v6 F
* A9 u/ ~! ~% Q% \; |8 ~8 ?- a 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:
+ x s7 P l& j y$ p. t3 k( m The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 |
|