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本帖最后由 下沙热线 于 2011-4-20 14:04 编辑
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1. 根据定义猜测词义5 B* z8 h2 _& E1 n! A
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如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
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8 C6 ~ f: W: Z+ V5 v 例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。! w, A, L$ U( r' j7 m4 D
In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
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2 a: g* G/ I9 O: L( ~4 ~7 r 2. 根据复述猜测词义
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虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。# o0 | S" g0 n+ V1 E) l
9 r$ r- e0 q; J- e 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.4 f6 b3 ?$ p1 U+ B) I- ?4 J
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此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。2 q8 u3 _8 u! V4 k1 x- @4 A$ w
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在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。
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Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。1 H0 c; H+ j: M6 ]# z5 g, K
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需要注意的是:同位语前 还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。
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6 r9 X/ C, @2 U$ h) o 定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.6 \4 Q! R s& u/ m) I
0 x$ n+ Y( {, c# [: R& B0 G 根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。- p4 D' h! G9 ?6 k. K
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3. 根据举例猜测词义
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恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:9 J, @* i, \4 O: v# ^" X
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 |
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