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本帖最后由 下沙热线 于 2011-4-20 14:04 编辑 ) z/ q5 {7 K! E; J$ y' M# {
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1. 根据定义猜测词义
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如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。# l% X7 @+ e" N. N: Q/ _
& C6 e) U) W4 i$ E; e 例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。% G- v$ \1 B2 h) a, s! K( {
In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
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+ o S1 v; M" _! F. ^# {, O- V 2. 根据复述猜测词义
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虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。6 A" s% z; e$ d6 u+ v& q
+ o5 W% S* f' @' { 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
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( V, q+ |$ H: X% c4 |. P( Y 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。% p3 n1 R, _9 ]$ ^2 J9 n
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在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。
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+ X) c) p0 V# Z9 i$ G$ I$ s1 | Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。4 q' ^* H3 A' v* O, W) Z0 a" G
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需要注意的是:同位语前 还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。
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# f" \) V( q1 S6 K8 R/ ~+ C9 S 定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
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根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。! a( J$ I. R* Y! p: K0 C
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3. 根据举例猜测词义
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恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:4 S& E& |& n; Q1 g5 q
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 |
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