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本帖最后由 下沙热线 于 2011-4-20 14:04 编辑 1 r/ ~( h4 Z" T) Z r% [/ I
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1. 根据定义猜测词义
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- K# V4 g h' T9 W 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
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例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。. O3 t8 |% Y0 f/ J7 `# F
In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
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4 U2 C/ O' E# b* a, ~6 m7 B/ B 2. 根据复述猜测词义 q5 w5 i+ b1 D: j: J1 l. E
: [% z. e9 p" W$ G) G( ` 虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
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' t6 b" w7 B+ s 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
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此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。
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; K6 d0 O* R) S" k2 j, U0 Y 在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。8 t3 t9 b& Y, x
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Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。! Y# z* Z/ X3 v1 _
3 J! z, X8 L) }: m5 B3 ? 需要注意的是:同位语前 还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。, y9 \/ @& j; a Y8 f; h
" P3 r' I; K+ U 定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
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) S& n& _8 V9 I& ?) F- H 根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。4 w5 P; m c& R6 d
2 p9 Q( a z6 E8 x" R; Y9 @* P- H 3. 根据举例猜测词义
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1 Y: K+ x" M+ b% B! C 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:& }, Z5 g/ [6 A- r1 D. M
The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 |
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