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本帖最后由 下沙热线 于 2011-4-20 14:04 编辑
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6 m) r& K7 N O" _3 [) P 1. 根据定义猜测词义
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$ v3 q$ S5 E6 d. K- S 如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。2 u2 a: ^* B$ d" P1 {
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例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由定义可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
, n3 y# \ Y. L* d! ?4 Y4 ^2 P# P6 tIn slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 同样,从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 定义句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
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2. 根据复述猜测词义) k( E4 v8 H; R9 W9 W3 Z: j f, z. a
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虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。 复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
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; r) G9 E9 U8 B, G+ v6 p 同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.7 u) H, E" i" Z% `) B
4 I; ^$ ?3 q M; _; K2 Y+ V 此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties式同位关系,因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。
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在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也使用破折号,冒号,分 号,引号,和括号等。. z% g6 ^3 [% Z; }6 V& u
" z0 m; O# t) j- m* ]6 S Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。5 D# D+ k' c2 c* g- Q0 Z
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需要注意的是:同位语前 还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等副词或短语出现。8 \, Q" ]' ^2 S8 s0 |
& A7 c" C! x, X; W7 u; v0 j 定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
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根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语 a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 我们可以推断出 SAD含义,即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。% V* l1 ]2 e4 S: E1 {, ?
$ b9 E2 m0 i1 y w2 z0 F& W 3. 根据举例猜测词义
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恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索,例如:
* u- Q' M0 G- c8 B! P" D The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past. 句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例,通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。 |
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